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Typical modern drives have 2 velocity control modes: volts/hertz and vector (or flux) control. V/H simply uses an internal curve like this to send a specific voltage and frequency to the drive based on the speed command. Often, these modern drives can also be programmed to apply torque and voltage boost based on speed. This mode is often used for variable torque applications like fans and pumps. When constant torque is needed, vector or flux mode is more appropriate. On many drives, vector control is sensorless, meaning that the drive has no physical feedback device to indicate the motor speed. In this mode, the drive controls the motor speed based on mathematical models involving the VFD voltage and frequency output, and the amperage measurement of each phase coming back from the motor. With the advanced processors used in VFDs today, this provides very good speed control, acceptable for most applications.
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