Estimate how many discrete devices your system will have. You may also want to consider which types (AC, DC, voltage levels, and current requirements etc.) are needed.

PLCs use discrete inputs and outputs to monitor and control binary devices. For example, if a limit switch detects the presence of an object, it provides an "ON" input signal to the PLC; if no object is detected, it provides an "OFF" signal (or the lack of any signal). An example of a discrete output is a light, the PLC outputs an "ON" signal to turn on the light, and outputs an "OFF" signal (more accurately, the lack of a signal) to turn off the light.

NOTE: The values used by this selector are for natively addressable I/O. Thousands more I/O points can often be accessed by various networking operations (MODBUS 'reads' and 'writes' for example).

Why this is important: The number and type of devices your system will include is directly linked to the amount of I/O that will be necessary for your system. You will need to choose a controller that supports your I/O count requirements and has modules that support your signal types.

Estimate how many analog devices your system will have. You may also want to consider which types (voltage, current, temperature, etc.) are needed.

PLCs use analog inputs and outputs to monitor and control continuous signals which vary over time. An example of an analog input is a thermocouple (an industrial thermometer); which sends a continuously varying temperature signal in to the PLC. An example of an analog output might be a motor speed command, where a 0 volt signal commands a zero speed (stopped), ranging up to a 10 volt signal which indicates that the motor should spin at full speed.

NOTE: The values used by this selector are for natively addressable I/O. Thousands more I/O channels can often be accessed by various networking operations (Modbus 'reads' and 'writes' for example).

Why this is important: The number and type of devices your system will include is directly linked to the amount of I/O that will be necessary for your system. You will need to choose a controller that supports your I/O count requirements and has modules that support your signal types.

Estimate how many high-speed devices your system will require.

High speed inputs are needed when input signals may fluctuate faster (or nearly so) than the scan time of the PLC. The signals can't be processed via the "normal scan" of the PLC, therefore special input hardware is needed to capture the frequency of the signals. Most PLCs provide a method for handling such signals, and the programmer can access info about the frequency in the ladder logic, without having to process each and every transition itself.

High speed outputs are handled in a similar fashion, and for the same reason: it is not practical to program the high-speed switching in the ladder code. The programmer can stipulate a frequency, and the PLC hardware handles the actual switching, independent of the ladder logic scan. High speed outputs are often used for motion control (positioning) applications, where the frequency of the PLC output is used by a servo or stepper system to determine a desired motor shaft position, or the length of a particular "move". These signals are often referred to as "step and direction signals. Take a look at our SureStep™ stepper systems and our SureServo™ servo systems. And search on the phrase "step and direction" for more info about using PLCs as motion controllers.

Choose from these options if your application requires Expansion I/O.

Serial and Ethernet-based Expansion I/O hardware are two popular options. This I/O may also be referred to as distributed I/O, and may require a particular protocol, such as Modbus.

Local Expansion I/O refers to an additional rack of I/O modules located near the main rack. Local I/O is typically required when the necessary I/O modules simply will not fit in the main rack. Response times are excellent, as Local I/O is typically updated "every scan" along with the I/O in the main rack.

Remote I/O refers to I/O modules that are housed in a separate rack, typically in a remote location (although sometimes remote I/O is installed near the main PLC rack). Remote I/O can be very advantageous, especially with large, far flung machinery, and can reduce wiring costs significantly. Response times are good, but the communications distance typically means that I/O will be updated asynchronously from the scan.

Some PLCs outputs are capable of producing a high-speed AND variable-width pulse train - also known as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).

PWM is a method of dynamically reducing the effective power delivered by an electrical signal by dividing it into discrete pulses, which vary in width and frequency. Often used for controlling DC motors, PWM is also used to control valves, pumps, hydraulics, and other mechanical parts.

Select this option if your application requires serial communications ports.

Serial ports are used for a wide range of communication functions. From a hardware standpoint there are two popular types — RS-232, used for point-to-point serial connections; and RS-485, used for multi-drop connections to multiple devices. Serial devices may also require a particular software protocol. Common serial protocols include Modbus RTU and ASCII (both are supported by ALL AutomationDirect PLCs).

If you have a preference for a particular PLC form factor, select it here.

AutomationDirect offers a choice of PLC form factors:

• Stackable Brick: Our CLICK and BRX PLCs can function as standalone controllers with a handful of inputs and outputs built-in to the CPU — or you can add up to eight modules, "stacked" to the right of the CPU. The P1000 is also a stackable design - but the CPU has no built-in I/O. Stackable PLCs take up only as much space as is needed for the amount of I/O required.
• Rack-based: P2000 and P3000 Productivity Series PLCs require a rack (sometime called a base), and these racks are available in various lengths depending on how many modules may be required for a particular application.

If you have a preference for a particular Memory Type, select it here.

Fixed type refers to the classic PLC memory naming convention, with abbreviations such as "I" for integer, or "S" for String, followed by a number to differentiate the various bits and words. Examples such as I34, or S105, may seem familiar to many PLC programmers.

Tagnames are a more recent method for naming the memory locations, whereby the programmer is allowed to define logical names to the variables 'at will' — even prior to determining what type of memory location is required. There are a few rules governing the selection of names, and there are many conventions that can make life much easier for the programmer. The software does automatic housekeeping of all memory locations. There is no concern about physical addressing and memory conflicts.

Tagnames also lend well to the use of structure data types. Structures (and their associated tagnames) are defined based on function rather than data type.

Structure data types:

Structure data types are specific sets of tags combined together for convenience. Using Structures in instructions can speed up program development because multiple tags are created and assigned automatically. In the Productivity Suite, for example, you simply check the "Use Structure" box and enter the name for your structure. The Productivity Suite software does the rest, creating all the tags required for that instruction.

Select this option if your application requires PID Control.

Paraphrased from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller

Proportional-integral-derivative control (PID control) is a control loop feedback technique widely used in industrial control systems. A PID loop calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process through use of a manipulated variable.

Select this option if your application requires Motion Control.

Independent:
ALL Automation Direct PLC families can control independent motion (with discrete pulse and direction signals) - with axis limits up to: 3-axis (CLICK PLUS) and 4-axis (P1). With appropriate additional hardware: BRX, P2, & P3 are capable of controlling quite a few axes of independent motion.

Most Automation Direct PLCs can also control independent motion across various communication channels. Depending on the capabilities of the motion control hardware, this could be Ethernet or serial communications with ModbusTCP, serial SCL commands, etc.

The LS-Electric XGB PLC can provide various single-axis operations: position control, speed control, feed control, multi-axis simultaneous start, and point operation.

Linear Interpolation:
CLICK PLUS CPUs with an appropriate option slot module can perform interpolated motions (blended moves to X-Y or X-Y-Z coordinates - for example). With a discrete I/O option slot module placed in slot 0, the CPU will support 100 kHz high-speed inputs and outputs and can be used as a 3-axis PTO/PWM motion controller.

The LS-Electric XGB PLC is capable of several interpolation operations, including linear interpolation (up to 6 axes).

Circular/Elliptical/Helical Interpolation:
The LS-Electric XGB PLC is capable of several interpolation operations, including circular arc interpolation (up to 3 groups, 2 axes per group), helical interpolation, and elliptical interpolation.

Coordinated Motion:
"Coordinated motion" refers to the ability to fully coordinate the positions of multiple servo or stepper motors. Example applications include X-Y tables, flying cutoff, registration, and many others.

Certain Do-more BRX CPUs are capable of coordinated motion with up to 3-axes. All BRX systems support the addition of BX-HSIO modules, each of which provides control of 4 coordinated axes. This capability includes the same independent and interpolated motion discussed above PLUS more advanced capabilities such as gearing and registration.

Select Productivity CPUs can integrate with PS-AMC motion controllers for coordinated motion. High-speed tracking, positioning, and move routines are needed in many fast-paced or motion-based applications. Each PS-AMC motion controller connects via Ethernet to select Productivity CPUs and can coordinate up to four axes of motion (each). Note that P1-550 CPU is limited to a single PS-AMC (up to 4 axis).

The LS-Electric XGB PLC is capable of 6-axis of coordinated motion with 8 types of CAM control, multiple homing methods, trapezoid or S-type acceleration, and a high-speed start process with little or no delay time between axes in simultaneous start and interpolation start.

All Automation Direct PLCs allow programming via the USB port on your PC.

USB is a fast and easy way ("Plug and Play") to connect to a PLC and program, troubleshoot, and/or monitor your PLC application.

Select this option if you require Structured Text Programming.

Structured text is sometimes used for automation (PLC) programming and is a recognized programming language within the IEC standard. Structured Text is a stripped-down version of the C (or C++) computer programming language, and the syntax is very similar. If you are familiar with any of the C languages, then Structured Text will feel very comfortable.

Select CLICK PLUS CPUs offer a built-in Wi-Fi port.

Wi-Fi enables a wireless Ethernet connection for installation, programming and communications to factory devices.

Select this option if you prefer the convenience of Built-in Data Logging.

While data logging is a reasonably simple feature to add to most control systems, the Do-more BRX, Productivity1000, Productivity2000 and Productivity3000 PLCs offer built-in data logging. With the Productivity1000 and 2000, a microSD card can be inserted into the front of the CPU module to store data. With the Productivity3000, a USB memory stick can be plugged into the CPU for similar functionality. For BRX, 1MB of internal RAM is available to use as data storage along with data logging to an external microSD card.

With these PLCs, the data can be retrieved by physically accessing the flash memory device, or the files can be accessed by enabling the optional built-in webserver or by sending the log files via e-mail (if e-mail is enabled for the PLC) on a periodic or on-demand basis.

Select this option if you require an embedded web server. An embedded web server allows access to data files and system tags remotely from any web browser, anywhere! The secure password protected login prevents unwanted access and keeps data safe.

Select this option if you require a REST API programming interface. The HTTP-based RESTful API (REpresentational State Transfer, Application Programming Interface) will return the contents of PLC memory locations in JSON formatted records.